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Lactose content of foods: the full chart

How much lactose is actually in the foods you're wondering about — in grams per typical serve, highest to lowest. Lactose lives only in milk and dairy, so everything here is either a dairy food or a plant-based food shown for comparison.

The short version: lactose is highest in milk (~12 g a glass), milk powder and fresh dairy, and lowest — often near zero — in butter, ghee and aged hard cheeses like cheddar and parmesan. Two things drive almost every number below: draining the whey removes most of the lactose, and ageing or fermentation breaks down what's left.

Foods high in lactose

Skim milk powder (~50 g/100 g), milk (~12 g a glass), kefir, yoghurt, ice cream and gelato, evaporated & condensed milk.

Effectively lactose-free

Aged hard cheeses — cheddar, parmesan, swiss — plus brie, feta, mozzarella, butter and ghee.

None under 0.5 g Low 0.5–2 g Mod 2–5 g High over 5 g per typical serve

Milk & fresh dairy

FoodPer 100 g / mLPer typical serveBand
Whole (full-cream) milk 4.6–4.9 ~12 g (250 mL glass) High
Skim milk 4.8–5.1 ~12–13 g (250 mL) High
Lactose-free milk <0.1 ~0.1 g (250 mL) None
Goat milk 4.1–4.5 ~10–11 g (250 mL) High
Buttermilk (cultured) 3.5–4.5 ~9–11 g (250 mL) High
Evaporated milk concentrated — high per 100 mL 9–13 ~3 g (30 mL in coffee) Mod
Condensed milk (sweetened) used generously in desserts, so it adds up fast ~10–13 ~2–3 g (20 g) Mod
Skim milk powder ~50–52 ~13 g (25 g, makes a glass) High
Cream (pure / thickened) 2.5–3.4 ~0.8–1 g (30 mL) Low
Sour cream 2–4 ~0.6–1.2 g (30 g) Low
Crème fraîche 2.4–3.5 ~0.7–1 g (30 g) Low

Yoghurt & cultured

FoodPer 100 g / mLPer typical serveBand
Natural / plain yoghurt live cultures aid digestion — often better tolerated than the raw figure suggests 3.8–4.7 ~8–9 g (200 g tub) High
Greek yoghurt (strained) straining removes some lactose-carrying whey 2.2–3.0 ~4–6 g (200 g) Mod
Kefir active fermentation lowers the real figure ~4 (nominal) ~10 g (250 mL) High

Cheese — fresh & soft

FoodPer 100 g / mLPer typical serveBand
Cottage cheese 1.8–3 ~2–3 g (100 g) Mod
Ricotta whey-based, so retains more than other soft cheeses 1–5 ~0.5–2.5 g (50 g) Low
Cream cheese 2–3.6 ~0.6–1.1 g (30 g) Low
Mascarpone 3–4 ~0.9–1.2 g (30 g) Low
Mozzarella 0.3–1 ~0.1–0.3 g (30 g) None
Feta (brined) some databases list feta higher (~4 g/100 g); brined feta is generally trace 0.1–0.5 ~0.1 g (30 g) None
Halloumi limited data 0.5–1.8 ~0.3–0.9 g (50 g) Low
Brie / Camembert mould-ripening consumes the lactose <0.1 ~0 g (30 g) None

Cheese — aged & hard

FoodPer 100 g / mLPer typical serveBand
Cheddar (aged) <0.1 ~0 g (30 g slice) None
Parmesan <0.1 ~0 g (30 g) None
Swiss / Emmental <0.1 ~0 g (30 g) None
Gouda (aged) <0.1 ~0 g (30 g) None
Edam <0.1 ~0 g (30 g) None

Butter & fats

FoodPer 100 g / mLPer typical serveBand
Butter 0.02–0.9 ~0.05 g (10 g pat) None
Ghee milk solids removed — essentially lactose-free ~0.003 ~0 g None

Frozen

FoodPer 100 g / mLPer typical serveBand
Ice cream 3–8 ~5–6 g (2 scoops, ~100 g) High
Gelato higher milk-solids than ice cream ~6 ~6 g (100 g) High
Sorbet (true, dairy-free) sherbet differs — often contains some milk 0 0 g None

Chocolate & sweets

FoodPer 100 g / mLPer typical serveBand
Milk chocolate 5–9 ~2–3.6 g (40 g row) Mod
Dark chocolate brand-dependent; check for "may contain milk" 0–1.5 ~0–0.6 g (40 g) None
White chocolate built on milk solids; varies widely 2–8 ~1–3 g (40 g) Mod

Protein powders & other

FoodPer 100 g / mLPer typical serveBand
Whey protein concentrate 4–8 ~1.2–2.4 g (30 g scoop) Low
Whey protein isolate 0.5–1 ~0.2–0.3 g (30 g) None
Casein / caseinate 0.1–1 <0.3 g (30 g) None
Custard (dairy, ready-made) estimate from milk content ~3–5 ~3–5 g (100 g) Mod

Plant-based (for comparison)

FoodPer 100 g / mLPer typical serveBand
Soy milk 0 0 g None
Almond milk 0 0 g None
Oat milk 0 0 g None

How to read these numbers

  • Content isn't the same as tolerance. Yoghurt and kefir contain lactose, but their live cultures help digest it — many people handle them better than milk. Aged cheeses test near-zero on modern analysis even though older charts list them higher.
  • Ranges are real. Ice cream, chocolate, soft cheeses and protein powders vary a lot by brand and recipe, so we show a range rather than a false single number. For a specific product, the on-pack nutrition panel is your best guide.
  • Dose is what matters. Most people with lactose intolerance can handle some lactose — often ~12–15 g a day, spread out and eaten with food. It's the size of a single hit that usually triggers symptoms.

Common questions

What food has the most lactose?
Skim milk powder is the most concentrated everyday source at roughly 50 g per 100 g. Among foods you drink or eat as-is, milk is highest — about 12 g of lactose in a 250 mL glass.
Which dairy foods are lowest in lactose?
Butter, ghee and aged hard cheeses — cheddar, parmesan, swiss, gouda — are near zero, because their lactose drains off with the whey and what little remains is broken down during ageing.
Is there lactose in cheese?
It depends on the cheese. Aged hard cheeses (cheddar, parmesan) are essentially lactose-free, while fresh cheeses (ricotta, cottage cheese, cream cheese) hold more. The longer a cheese is aged, the less lactose it has.
Which cheeses have the most and least lactose?
From highest to lowest: fresh cheeses lead — cottage cheese (about 1.8–3 g per 100 g), ricotta, cream cheese and mascarpone — then halloumi and mozzarella at low-to-trace levels, with brined feta, brie and camembert near zero. Aged hard cheeses like cheddar, parmesan, swiss, gouda and edam are effectively lactose-free. For scale, a 30 g slice of cheddar has roughly none, while a glass of milk has about 12 g.
Why is yoghurt often easier to tolerate than milk?
Yoghurt contains a similar amount of lactose per 100 g to milk, but its live bacterial cultures pre-digest some of it and keep helping once eaten — so many people tolerate it better than the raw figure suggests.
How much lactose can a lactose-intolerant person handle?
It varies a lot by person, but many people tolerate around 12–15 g of lactose a day — roughly a glass of milk — especially spread across the day and eaten with other food. Learning your own threshold is the key.

Never guess at the supermarket again

Our free Living Lactose-Free in Australia cheat sheet sorts 60+ foods like these, with the Aussie swaps we'd reach for.

Get the free cheat sheet →

Want to eat the real thing?

A lactase tablet lets many people enjoy dairy comfortably. See the ones we bought and tested against real dairy.

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Sources & method

Figures are compiled from food-composition databases and peer-reviewed analyses, shown as ranges where sources differ. Bands are assigned by grams of lactose per typical serve: None under 0.5 g · Low 0.5–2 g · Moderate 2–5 g · High over 5 g. This is general information, not medical advice.

  • Portnoi PJ & MacDonald A (2015). The Lactose and Galactose Content of Cheese Suitable for Galactosaemia, JIMD Reports — HPAEC-PAD analysis showing aged hard cheeses, butter and ghee are effectively lactose-free. springer.com
  • Shakerdi L. et al. (2022). Determination of the lactose and galactose content of common foods, Food Science & Nutrition 10(11) — butter, yoghurt and processed-cheese figures. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  • USDA FoodData Central — milk, skim milk and goat milk values. fdc.nal.usda.gov
  • Food Standards Australia New Zealand — Australian Food Composition Database (AFCD), the authoritative Australian reference. foodstandards.gov.au
  • Ohio State University Extension — Lactose Content of Foods fact sheet (banded per-serve figures). fcs.osu.edu
  • foodintolerances.org — lactose content of food (based on the Souci-Fachmann-Kraut food-composition tables). foodintolerances.org
  • Lacteeze Australia — Lactose Content of Common Foods (Australian-facing table). lacteeze.com.au

Notes on uncertainty: brined feta is listed at trace levels by cheese-chemistry sources, though some databases (e.g. USDA) list it higher — treat feta as low-but-check. Custard, casein and whey figures rely partly on manufacturer data and vary by product grade. For an exact Australian figure on a specific food, look it up in the FSANZ AFCD or check the product's own nutrition panel.